Dong, R. T. et al. Exploring the relationship between social media dependence and internet addiction among college students from a bibliometric perspective. Front. Psychol. 16, 1463671. (2025).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. & Ma, J. L. Adult attachment orientations and social networking site addiction: the mediating effects of online social support and the fear of missing out. Front. Psychol. 10, 2629. (2019).
Google Scholar
Lei, H., Huang, Y. Q., Chai, Y. & Zhang, X. C. Social media disorder, mental Health, and validation of the Chinese version of 27-Item social media disorder scale in Chinese college students. Front. Public. Health. 10, 942720. (2022).
Google Scholar
Cicek, I., Sanli, M. E., Arslan, G. & Yildrim, M. Problematic social media Use, satisfaction with Life, and levels of depressive symptoms in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: mediation role of social support. Psihologija 57 (2), 177–197. (2024).
Google Scholar
Li, P., Yang, J. Q., Zhou, Z., Zhao, Z. J. & Liu, T. R. The influence of college students’ academic stressors on mental health during COVID-19: the mediating effect of social support, social well-being, and self-identity. Front. Public. Health. 10, 917581. (2022).
Google Scholar
Golui, P., Roy, S., Dey, I., Burman, J. & Sembiah, S. Resilience and its correlates among medical students in the Eastern part of India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. J. Family Community Med. 29 (3), 212–216. (2022).
Google Scholar
Shang, R. et al. Internet addiction and depressive and anxious symptoms among Chinese rural left-behind adolescents: mediating roles of resilience and friendship quality. Child. Care Hlth Dev. 50 (1), 13160. (2024).
Google Scholar
Uddin, H. & Hasan, M. K. Family resilience and neighborhood factors affect the association between digital media use and mental health among children: does sleep mediate the association? Eur. J. Pediatr. 182 (6), 2521–2534. (2023).
Google Scholar
Shannon, H. et al. Longitudinal problematic social media use in students and its association with negative mental health outcomes. Psychol. Res. Behav. Ma. 17, 1551–1560. (2024).
Google Scholar
Saleem, N., Young, P. & Yousuf, S. Exploring the relationship between social media use and symptoms of depression and anxiety among children and adolescents: A systematic narrative review. Cyberpsych Beh Soc. N. 27 (11), 771–797. (2024).
Google Scholar
Su, W., Han, X., Yu, H., Wu, Y. & Potenza, M. N. Do men become addicted to internet gaming and women to social media? A meta-analysis examining gender-related differences in specific internet addiction. Comput. Hum. Behav. 113, 106480. (2020).
Google Scholar
Victor, S. A. et al. Social media addiction and depression among adolescents in two Malaysian States. Int. J. Adolesc. Youth. 29 (1), 2292055. (2024).
Google Scholar
Barros, C. & Sacau-Fontenla, A. New insights on the mediating role of emotional intelligence and social support on university students’ mental health during COVID-19 pandemic: gender matters. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 18 (24), 12935. (2021).
Google Scholar
Hu, B., Wu, Q., Xie, Y., Guo, L. & Yin, D. Cell phone addiction and sleep disturbance among medical students in Jiangsu Province, china: the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of gender. Front. Psychiatry. 15, 1405139. (2024).
Google Scholar
Cohen, S., Wills, T. A. & Stress Social Support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychol. Bull. 98 (2), 310–357. (1985).
Google Scholar
Breitenstein, R. S. et al. Can social support protect the mental health of college students who experienced bullying in high school? Educ. Sci. 15 (3), 388. (2025).
Google Scholar
Morton, S. C. M., Everhart, R., Dautovich, N. & Chukmaitov, A. Perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes in college students: the mediating effect of preventive health behaviors and social support. J. Am. Coll. Health. 73 (6), 2380–2389. (2025).
Google Scholar
Masten, A. S. Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. Am. Psychol. 56 (3), 227–238. (2001).
Google Scholar
Eichenberg, C., Schneider, R. & Rumpl, H. Social media addiction: associations with attachment style, mental distress, and personality. BMC Psychiatry. 24 (1), 278. (2024).
Google Scholar
Ergun, N., Ozkan, Z. & Griffiths, M. D. Social media addiction and poor mental health: examining the mediating roles of internet addiction and phubbing. Psychol. Rep. 128 (2), 723–743. (2025).
Google Scholar
Feng, T. et al. The relationships between mental health and social media addiction, and between academic burnout and social media addiction among Chinese college students: A network analysis. Heliyon 11 (3), e41869–e41869. (2025).
Google Scholar
Jameel, A., Guo, W., Hussain, A., Kanwel, S. & Sahito, N. Exploring the mediating role of insomnia on the nexus between social media addiction and mental health among university students. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 17872–17872. (2025).
Google Scholar
Parmar, P., Yogesh, M., Damor, N., Gandhi, R. & Parmar, B. Beyond the screen: examining the associations between cyberbullying, social media addiction, and mental health outcomes among medical students: A cross-sectional study. Indian J. Psychiatry. 66 (7), 641–648. (2024).
Google Scholar
Osman, W. A. Social media use and associated mental health indicators among university students: a cross-sectional study. Sci. Rep. 15 (1), 9534. (2025).
Google Scholar
Wong, H. Y. et al. Relationships between severity of internet gaming Disorder, severity of problematic social media Use, sleep quality and psychological distress. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 17 (6), 1879. (2020).
Google Scholar
Khalaf, A. M., Alubied, A. A., Khalaf, A. M. & Rifaey, A. A. The impact of social media on the mental health of adolescents and young adults: A systematic review. Cureus J. Med. Sci. 15 (8), 42990. (2023).
Google Scholar
Chen, Y. et al. Problematic social media use and depressive outcomes among college students in china: observational and experimental findings. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 19 (9), 4937. (2022).
Google Scholar
Mete, R. E. Examining the impact of social support on psychological Well-Being among Canadian individuals with COPD: implications for government policies. Yale J. Biol. Med. 97 (2), 125–139. (2024).
Google Scholar
Tian, J., Li, B. & Zhang, R. The impact of upward social comparison on social media on appearance anxiety: A moderated mediation model. Behav. Sci. 15 (1), 8. (2025).
Google Scholar
Campbell-Sills, L. & Stein, M. B. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J. Trauma. Stress. 20 (6), 1019–1028. (2007).
Google Scholar
Carlson, J. et al. Resilience: Theory and Application. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States) (2011). https://doi.org/10.2172/1044521
Xu, Y. et al. Effects of coping on nurses’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: mediating role of social support and psychological resilience. Nurs. Open. 10 (7), 4619–4629. (2023).
Google Scholar
Brailovskaia, J., Swarlik, V. J., Grethe, G. A., Schillack, H. & Margraf, J. Experimental longitudinal evidence for causal role of social media use and physical activity in COVID-19 burden and mental health. J. Public. Health-Heid. 31 (11), 1885–1898. (2023).
Google Scholar
Kirac, I. B., Sahmurova, A., Duradoni, M., Guazzini, A. & Gursesli, M. C. The shield of resilience: mediating the effects of internet addiction on adolescent anger control. Adv. Public. Hlth. 2024 (1), 5519519. (2024).
Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. Am. Psychol. 44 (3), 513–524 (1989).
Google Scholar
Li, J. N. et al. Mediating effect of resilience between social support and compassion fatigue among intern nursing and midwifery students during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 22 (1), 42. (2023).
Google Scholar
Ben-David, H. & Miller, K. J. Resilience mediates the relationship between social support and anxiety in postpartum mothers. Clin. Psychol. 29 (2), 119–130. (2025).
Google Scholar
Yan, Y., Ma, Y., Xu, L. & Lv, Y. Impact of perceived social support on anxiety and depression in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: the role of psychological resilience. J. Assist. Reprod. Gen. 42 (1), 231–242. (2025).
Google Scholar
Aydin, S. et al. Investigation of the effect of social media addiction on adults with depression. Healthcare 9 (4), 450. (2021).
Google Scholar
Varchetta, M. et al. Exploring gender differences in internet addiction and psychological factors: A study in a Spanish sample. Brain Sci. 14 (10), 1037. (2024).
Google Scholar
Unal Aslan, K. S. & Tar, E. Analysis of mental disorders and social media addiction of adolescent nursing students on the basis of gender. J. Basic. Clin. Health Sci. 5 (2), 73–82. (2021).
Google Scholar
Bryant, P. The culture of education – Bruner. J. Nat.. 382 (6588), 218–219. (1996).
Zhang, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Zhang, L. & Feng, D. Prevalence of psychological distress and the effects of resilience and perceived social support among Chinese college students: does gender make a difference? Psychiat Res. 267, 409–413. (2018).
Google Scholar
Kline, R. B. Response to Leslie Hayduk’s review of Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 4th edition. Can. Stud. Popul. 45(3–4), 188–195 (2018). https://doi.org/10.25336/csp29418
Wang, D., Xing, X. H. & Wu, X. B. The healthy lifestyle scale for university students: development and psychometric testing. Aust J. Prim. Health. 18 (4), 339–345. (2012).
Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. Internet Addiction – Time to be taken seriously? Addict. Res. 8 (5), 413–418. (2000).
Google Scholar
Yue, H., Zhang, X. M., Cheng, X. J., Liu, B. & Bao, H. Measurement invariance of the Bergen social media addiction scale across genders. Front. Psychol. 13, 879259. (2022).
Google Scholar
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G. & Farley, G. K. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. J. Pers. Assess. 52 (1), 30–41. (1988).
Google Scholar
Yao, S. X., Lee, J. M., Reynolds, R. M. & Ellithorpe, M. E. Problematic social media use in 3D? Relationships between traditional social media use, social virtual reality (VR) use, and mental health. PLoS One. 20 (1), e0314863. (2025).
Google Scholar
Su, P. & He, M. Relationship between sleep quality and subjective well-being: resilience as a mediator and belief in a just world as a moderator. Front. Psychiatry. 14, 1297256. (2023).
Google Scholar
Lovibond, P. F. & Lovibond, S. H. The structure of negative emotional States – Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behav. Res. Ther. 33 (3), 335–343. (1995).
Google Scholar
Premkumar, G. & Bhattacherjee, A. Explaining information technology usage: A test of competing models. Omega-Int J. Manage. S. 36 (1), 64–75. (2008).
Google Scholar
Hair, J. Jr, Hair, J. F. Jr, Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM))Sage, (2021).
Hu, L. T. & Bentler, P. M. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychol. Methods. 3 (4), 424–453. (1998).
Google Scholar
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C. M. When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. Eur. Bus. Rev. 31 (1), 2–24. (2019).
Google Scholar
Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Mark. Res. 18 (1), 39–50. (1981).
Google Scholar
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J. Acad. Market Sci. 43 (1), 115–135. (2015).
Google Scholar
Gignac, G. E. & Szodorai, E. T. Effect size guidelines for individual differences researchers. Pers. Indiv Differ. 102, 74–78. (2016).
Google Scholar
Cohen, J. A. & Power Primer Psychol. Bull. 112(1), 155–159 (1992).
Google Scholar
Hair, J. Jr, Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M. & Gudergan, S. P. Advanced Issues in Partial Least Squares Structural Equation modeling) (Sage, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.1239
Nitzl, C., Roldan, J. L. & Cepeda, G. Mediation analysis in partial least squares path modeling helping researchers discuss more sophisticated models. Ind. Manage. Data Syst. 116 (9), 1849–1864. (2016).
Google Scholar
Sujarwoto, Saputri, R. A. M. & Yumarni, T. Social media addiction and mental health among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Int. J. Ment Health Ad. 21 (1), 96–110. (2023).
Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Hu, Y. & Yang, M. The relationship between family communication and family resilience in Chinese parents of depressed adolescents: a serial multiple mediation of social support and psychological resilience. BMC Psychol. 12 (1), 33. (2024).
Google Scholar
Yang, Y. et al. The associated factors of disaster literacy among nurses in china: a structure equation modelling study. BMC Nurs. 23 (1), 855. (2024).
Google Scholar
Yin, Y. et al. Self-efficacy and positive coping mediate the relationship between social support and resilience in patients undergoing lung cancer treatment: A cross-sectional study. Front. Psychol. 13, 953491. (2022).
Google Scholar
Biddle, B. J. Recent developments in role theory. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 12 (1), 67–92. (1986).
Google Scholar
Xu, J. B., Jiang, N., Qin, Q. & Jiang, Q. The relationship between negative peer relationship and non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese adolescents: A moderated-mediation model. Front. Psychol. 13, 913872. (2022).
Google Scholar
Kashima, Y. et al. Culture, Gender, and self: A perspective from Individualism-Collectivism research. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 69 (5), 925–937. (1995).
Google Scholar
Nasidi, Q. Y., Norde, A. B., Dahiru, J. M., Hassan, I. & Tiktok Usage Social Comparison, and Self-Esteem among the youth: moderating role of gender. Galactica Media. 6 (2), 121–137. (2024).
Google Scholar
Hyde, J. S. Gender similarities and differences. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 65, 373–398. (2014).
Google Scholar
Papageorgiou, A., Cross, D. & Fisher, C. Sexualized images on social media and adolescent girls’ mental health: qualitative insights from Parents, school support service staff and youth mental health service providers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 20 (1), 433. (2023).
Google Scholar
Fuhrer, R., Stansfeld, S. A., Chemali, J. & Shipley, M. J. Gender, social relations and mental health: prospective findings from an occupational cohort (Whitehall II study). Soc. Sci. Med. 48 (1), 77–87. (1999).
Google Scholar
Foels, R. & Tomcho, T. J. Gender differences in interdependent Self-construals: it’s not the type of Group, it’s the way you see it. Self Identity. 8 (4), 396–417. (2009).
Google Scholar
Taylor, S. E. et al. Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychol. Rev. 107 (3), 411–429. (2000).
Google Scholar
Meléndez, J. C., Mayordomo, T., Sancho, P. & Tomás, J. M. Coping strategies: gender differences and development throughout life span. Span. J. Psychol. 15 (3), 1089–1098. (2012).
Google Scholar
Mink, A. J., Maddox, M. M., Pinero, A. J. Z. & Crockett, E. E. Gender differences in the physiological effects of emotional regulation. J. Soc. Psychol. 163 (2), 256–268. (2023).
Google Scholar
Gok, A. & Kogar, E. Y. A Meta-Analysis study on gender differences in psychological resilience levels. Cyprus Turk. J. Psychiatry Psychol. 3 (2), 132–143. (2021).
Google Scholar
link

